For example, piezocatalytic ROS generation may find utility in sonodynamic therapy due to its high tissue penetrability, directed orientation, and ability to trigger in situ ROS generation 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. In an aqueous solution, these surficial charge carriers can undergo oxidation and reduction reactions with water or dissolved species yielding homogeneous ROS that may have a range of applications.

Recently, piezocatalysis has been demonstrated as a new advanced oxidation process where low-frequency vibration or high-frequency ultrasound waves induce the polarization and establish built-in electric field in piezocatalysts, resultantly, electrons and holes can be continuously separated and attracted on the opposite surface for piezocatalytic redox reactions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. O 2 −), and singlet oxygen ( 1O 2), are among the strongest aqueous redox species, and their effective and efficient production is desired in biological, chemical, and environmental fields 1, 2, 3, 4.Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals ( In summary, ultrasonic activation of inert PTFE particles is a simple method to induce permanent PTFE polarization and to piezocatalytically generate aqueous ROS that is desirable in a wide-range of applications from environmental pollution control to biomedical therapy. O 2 −) and singlet oxygen (1O 2) at rates significantly faster than previously reported piezoelectric catalysts.Continued ultrasonic irradiation of the PTFE electrets generates ROS including hydroxyl radicals ( Here, we demonstrate a method to induce polarization of inert poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) particles ( ~ 1–5 μm) into piezoelectric electrets with a mild and convenient ultrasound process. However, due to the low piezoelectric coefficient, and environmental safety and chemical stability concerns of current piezoelectric ROS catalysts, novel piezoelectric materials are urgently needed. Overall, the nanoparticle integrated NO gas therapy and CDT with PDT, leading to significant enhancing the GSH consumption and a remarkable elevation of ROS production.Controlled generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential in biological, chemical, and environmental fields, and piezoelectric catalysis is an emerging method to generate ROS, especially in sonodynamic therapy due to its high tissue penetrability, directed orientation, and ability to trigger in situ ROS generation. Both cell experiments and in vivo experiments showed an excellent tumor inhibitory effect under the treatment.

HN can target tumor cells that over-expressed CD44 receptor and consume GSH in the cells to release NO. Cu-MOF was coated with the HN, which is hyaluronicacid (HA) modified by a nitric oxide donor.

The Cu2+-doped MOF reacted with GSH to form Cu+, exhibited strong CDT ability to generate hydroxyl radicals ( We combined chemical dynamic therapy (CDT) and Nitric oxide (NO) therapy by initiating the sensitization to PDT and cell apoptosis in the treatment of tumors. Therefore, we developed a multi-functional nanoparticle to enhance the efficacy of PDT. However, due to the inefficient production of ROS by photosensitizers and the over-expression of glutathione (GSH) in tumor microenvironment (TME), the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. As an emerging photodynamic nanocarrier, metal-organic framework (MOF) based on porphyrin that can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) to destructive cancer cells. Non-invasive cancer therapies, especially those based on reactive oxygen species, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), have aroused great interest.

Reactive o2 species